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Environmental threats often trigger innate defensive responses in mammals. However, the gradual development of functional properties of these responses during the postnatal development stage remains unclear. Here, we report that looming stimulation in mice evoked flight behavior commencing at P14-16 and had fully developed by P20-24. The visual-evoked innate defensive response was not significantly altered by sensory deprivation at an early postnatal stage. Furthermore, the percentages of wide-field and horizontal cells in the superior colliculus were notably elevated at P20-24. Our findings define a developmental time window for the formation of the visual innate defense response during the early postnatal period and provide important insight into the underlying mechanism.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Evoked Potentials, Visual , Fear/physiology , Mammals , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Neurons/physiology , Superior Colliculi/physiologyABSTRACT
Observations from clinical trials have frequently demonstrated that light therapy can be an effective therapy for seasonal and non-seasonal major depression. Despite the fact that light therapy is known to have several advantages over antidepressant drugs like a low cost, minimal side-effects, and fast onset of therapeutic effect, the mechanism underlying light therapy remains unclear. So far, it is known that light therapy modulates mood states and cognitive functions, involving circadian and non-circadian pathways from retinas into brain. In this review, we discuss the therapeutic effect of light on major depression and its relationship to direct retinal projections in the brain. We finally emphasize the function of the retino-raphe projection in modulating serotonin activity, which probably underlies the antidepressant effect of light therapy for depression.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Brain , Radiation Effects , Depressive Disorder, Major , Therapeutics , Phototherapy , Methods , Retina , Radiation Effects , Visual Pathways , Radiation EffectsABSTRACT
The characteristics of ESI-based highly cited papers on library and information science were described by calculating their cited frequency and analyzing their citation network main path in order to find the gap in re-search hot spots and frontiers in library and information science between China and foreign countries, which showed that library and information science in China was far behind that in foreign countries, the number of ESI-based highly cited papers needed to be increased, there was a hope for certain colleges and universities to contribute their first ESI-based highly cited paper. Three key research interests were found in citation network of ESI-based highly cited papers and importance should be attached to the interfusion and integration of library and information science with medical informatics.
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Objective To explore the clinical application value of early bundle therapy in patients with septic shock after per‐cutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL) .Methods The retrospective analysis was conducted patients with septic shock after PCNL ad‐mitted to the central ICU of the First Affiliated Hospital ,University of South China from January 1st ,2011 to september 30 ,2013 . The patients were divided into non‐bundle therapy group and bundle therapy group according to whether treated by early bundle therapy .the APACHE‐Ⅱscore and SOFA score in the before and 1 ,3 ,7 d after treatment ,mortality rate within 28 d and length of ICU were compared with both groups .Results 54 patients were enrolled in the study ,there were 28 and 26 patients in non‐bundle therapy group and bundle therapy group ,respectively .The clinical data of patients in both groups had no significant difference be‐tween the groups ,all P>0 .05 .Compared with the patients in non‐bundle therapy group ,the APACHE‐Ⅱscore and SOFA score in 1 ,3 ,7 d after treatment significantly decreased in bundle therapy group ,all P<0 .05 .mortality rate in bundle therapy group and non‐bundle therapy group were 15 .38% and 35 .71% ,respectively ,P<0 .05 ;and length of ICU were(9 .04 ± 4 .48)d and(7 .00 ± 2 .32)d ,respectively ,P<0 .05 .Conclusion Early bundle therapy can effectively alleviate the severity of the disease and reduce mor‐tality of patients with septic shock after PCNL .
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Objective To investigate effect of pidotimod on TH1/TH2 balance and immune factor in patients with severe trauma.Methods 90 cases with severe chest trauma patients were randomly divided into two groups.45 cases in control group were treated by conventional anti-inflammatory treatment, 45 cases in experimental group on base of control group with pidotimod 800mg /times, 1 times daily.After treatment, the serum levels of IL-4, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-10, IL-17,IgM, IgA and IgG were compared.Results Compared with before treatment, indexes were improved(P<0.05). Compared with the control group, IL-4 level was lower, IFN-γlevel was higher, IFN-γ/IL-4 was higher(P<0.05).IL-2, IL-10, IL-17 level was higher(P<0.05).IgA, IgM, IgG level was higher(P<0.05).Conclusion Pidotimod can balance the TH1/TH2 in the patients with severe trauma, and adjust the serum levels of IgM, IgA and IgG,can be used in clinical application.
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Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of overlapping biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stents (EXCEL) in treating the patients with diffuse long coronary lesions (total stent length for per lesion>60 mm). Methods: A total of 71 patients with diffuse long coronary lesions with overlapped EXcellstents implantation in our hospital from 2010-08 to 2012-05 were retrospectively studied. The average age of patients was (62.85 ± 10.26) years and 74.56%with male gender. The clinical endpoints were the major adverse cardiac events (MACE) at in-hospital time and at 2-year follow-up period. Results: The average target lesion was implanted (2.61 ± 0.52) stents, the mean stent diameter was (3.21 ± 0.35) mm and the length was (73.34 ± 13.11) mm. The in-hospital MACE rate was 4.23%, the 2-year target vessel revascularization and MACE rates were 9.86%and 18.31%respectively. Cox regression analysis indicated that smoking (HR 12.102, 95%CI 1.460-100.309, P=0.021), previous history of MI (HR 11.948, 95%CI 1.144-124.726, P=0.038) and previous history of PCI (HR 0.097, 95%CI 0.010-0.990, P=0.049) were the independent risk factors of out of hospital MACE occurrence. Conclusion: EXcellstent implantation was safe and effective for treating the patients with diffuse long coronary lesions, the long term follow-up study revealed that there was the increased risk for MACE and target vessel revascularization.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the molecular genetic basis for a case of ABw07 phenotype of ABO subtype.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The ABO group antigens on red blood cells of the proband were identified by monoclonal antibodies and the ABO antibody in serum was detected by the standard A, B and O cells. The exons 6 and 7 of the ABO gene was amplified by PCR and the PCR product was sequenced directly after enzyme digestion. The amplified product was also cloned by TOPO TA cloning sequencing kit to split the two alleles apart, chosen colonies were sequenced bidirectionally. The samples of the parents and one sister of the proband were collected, then the blood group serological test and sequence analysis for exon 6 to 7 of ABO gene were performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Both A and B antigen were detected on red blood cells of the proband and there was anti-B antibody in the serum. There was no 261G deletion. And the 297A/G, 467C/T, 526C/G, 657C/T, 703G/A, 796C/A, 803G/C, 930G/A, 1055G/A and 1096A/G loci were heterozygotes by direct DNA sequencing, which can be assigned for A102Bw07 genotype. After cloning and sequencing, two alleles of A102 and Bw07 were obtained. The Bw07 has one nucleotide change of G to A at nucleotide 1055 compared with B101, which results in an amino acid change from Arg to Gln at nucleotide 352. The Bw07 in the proband was inherited from his mother, and the serological characteristic of the ABO blood group and the sequence of exons 6 and 7 of the mother were the same as that of the proband.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The G to A at nucleotide 1055 of alpha -1, 3 galactosyltransferase gene (B gene) can result in BW7 phenotype, with anti-B antibody in serum.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , ABO Blood-Group System , Genetics , Alleles , Base Sequence , Blood Grouping and Crossmatching , Cloning, Molecular , Heterozygote , Molecular Biology , Phenotype , Sequence Analysis, DNAABSTRACT
Objective To study the effect of RNA interference (RNAi) on HYAL1 gene mRNA expression and the invasive potential of human breast cancer cell lines. Methods Chemically synthesized double stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting HYAL1 was transfected into human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB453S, ZR-75 and ZR-75-30 using SiPORT Lipid. The transfection efficiency was observed under fluorescence confocal microscopy. Expression of HYAL1 mRNA was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Cell penetrate matrigel capacity were determined by in vitro experiment. Results HYAL1 -siRNA effectively inhibited HYAL1 mRNA expression ( P